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堆焊是(shi)指用焊(han)接(jie)的(de)方法將具有一定性(xing)能的(de)材料堆敷在(zai)焊(han)件表面上的(de)一種工藝方法。其目的(de)不是(shi)連接(jie)焊(han)件,而是(shi)為了在(zai)焊(han)件表面獲得具有耐(nai)(nai)(nai)磨耐(nai)(nai)(nai)熱耐(nai)(nai)(nai)腐(fu)蝕等特殊性(xing)能的(de)熔敷金屬層,或是(shi)為了恢復(fu)或增加焊(han)件的(de)尺寸。堆焊(han)方法在(zai)制造和修理中得到廣(guang)泛的(de)應用。

一(yi)般而言,堆焊的(de)金屬(shu)首先應滿足(zu)焊件(jian)的(de)使用(yong)條件(jian);其次考慮(lv)堆焊的(de)金屬(shu)焊接(jie)性(xing)要好,再后(hou)適當(dang)選擇比較經濟的(de)堆焊金屬(shu)。

常(chang)見的(de)工作環境條件(jian)下(xia)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)堆(dui)焊金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)有:高(gao)應(ying)力(li)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞共晶(jing)鈷(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、含金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)化(hua)合(he)(he)物的(de)鈷(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)；低(di)應(ying)力(li)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)堆(dui)焊用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼；金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)＋腐(fu)蝕(shi)或氧化(hua)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大多(duo)鈷(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)或鎳基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)；低(di)應(ying)力(li)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)料磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)、沖擊(ji)(ji)浸蝕(shi)、磨(mo)(mo)(mo)料浸蝕(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鑄(zhu)鐵；低(di)應(ying)力(li)嚴重磨(mo)(mo)(mo)料磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)、切割(ge)刃選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)碳化(hua)物；氣蝕(shi)浸蝕(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鈷(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)；嚴重沖擊(ji)(ji)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)錳鋼；嚴重沖擊(ji)(ji)＋腐(fu)蝕(shi)＋氧化(hua)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞共晶(jing)鈷(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)；高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞共晶(jing)鈷(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、含金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)化(hua)合(he)(he)物的(de)鈷(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)；鑿(zao)削式(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)料磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)奧(ao)氏體錳鋼；熱穩(wen)定性高(gao)溫(wen)蠕變強度(540℃)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鈷(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)碳化(hua)物型鈷(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。

堆焊的焊接工藝方法

絕大多(duo)數鋼件不用熔(rong)劑(ji)即可堆焊,堆焊鑄鐵(tie)時必須使用熔(rong)劑(ji),同(tong)時要采取(qu)措施,以防出現白口組織(zhi)和裂(lie)紋(wen)。預熱和緩冷可很大程度減(jian)少堆焊層(ceng)開(kai)裂(lie)的可能,也有(you)利于(yu)降低稀(xi)釋率(lv);小工件可用焊炬直(zhi)接加(jia)熱,而(er)大工件一般在爐(lu)中(zhong)加(jia)熱,并保證有(you)足(zu)夠的時間使溫度均(jun)勻,每堆焊一層(ceng)的最大厚度約(yue)1.6mm為宜(yi)，可多(duo)層(ceng)堆焊。